Hollow inclosed float



fiat. 2 i923. 1,4693%? E. RUEGGER HOLLOW INGLOSED FLOAT Filed Jan. 27'. 1920 1 the float is I Applicationfiled qa uary 2 7,

' To all whom it maymhcem; l

lfie it known thatrl, ED AR 'RUnGGER, a citizen of the Republic 91" .SWitZerland, re-;

siding at Zurich, Hardturmstrasse l9,' SWib zerland, have invented certain new andus eful Improvements in a Hollow Inolosed Float adapted-for use in devices forc ontrol- I ling liquid mediums; especially in refrigerat= ing machines and ludo herebyfdeelare the following to be a,elear,;-full, andexaot 'de scription of the invention, isfuehias will enable others skilled in'the art-to Which-it appertains to make-andusefthe satrieireference; 7 *being had to thefaecoinpaiiying;drawing,i

and to letters or figures of; rer'erence n arked thereon,ivliielriorin"a 'par ofthis 5s ec}}iv gu ar Floatsoffdevioesfor; Controlling liquids fwhieh are'u'sedespeoially with; refrl 'erating machines;n ustfhai e a comparatively large displacement volume-Whilst, "however; their masses should-be as smauas; possible in or; der t6; 1 act quickly 1 andfireliably' f upo'n small wriatiofis' of'xthe'flev elfofthe liquid and yetnot cause rny variations} For t'his'purpose I the floats have beeneohstructed hollow: and} With a "ver g; thin shell)" But ingthe ease of fioation.

such a float hai ing vto Work in' chamber with" a. pressure considerably above fatmose' plier'ie the 1 danger exists-that the shellof bulged-iii external pres;

V The object of the present' invention isj'to construct a floathich Whilst having a dlSf placeiinentyoluirle' as large, aszpossible', is as? light as possible and't-hi'efore its mass isias small as possibleQ- a r rxccording' to the invention the floatis to z the gfreatestpart filled Witha gas other than air thepres'sure-of which is above atmosgherie 'at a temperature of 20 centigradeand 'whioh pressure Varies with a arying temperature in' rthe same sense and' propoi Vapor or, gas resulting therefroim has'av tion as the pressure of the liquid to be con trolled. The medium-to fillthe empty's'pace of the float may be'of sucha natureand of suoh a quantity that it is at lea-st in the lower part of therange of the orkingtemperw, tures partly in a liquid state.

The medium 1S- Of such a liin dl-tha't-fthe greater pressure than the vaporj or-jgas resulting from the liquid medium tobe con trolled when the device is working." Fur .therinore amixture of a liquid and gas other than air that'is absorbed by "the liquid" niay be usedi 'for -fillling-the float. "isile'h mi aplaoe F in the -same 1 manner as with saturated A 13; To that enfdthe v a-l ve 5 the rep a part .qfjthe --chamb r ab ve" e levl 15mm qthe vapo r 'formed"from i- '7 would exist that the-shell 51: that float would Ac'cording fto the invention afme'diumris K hate the {absolute pressure ,fp lf The lower I UARD m morfzamce swam-m,-

ee -a1- s s igsqr.

turesg asfor 'inStaIice -Waterandammonia areeaSily- -fiIled Their pressure-rise takes 11 '7? 5 steai'iig:

lhequalites and advantages 1 of the object i offthe invehtiongwill beentered on when X- pl'aii in'g thefld'rawin 1 1 'ln'the thawin I I Figfl represents a section through a float} lngdevice shown diagrammatically; and FigL a deg a 'e W9 me u olieiof which may're'pre'sefnt theqmediuin' to he eon-'9 trolled and" the I 'otherE-th 1 filling =mGdiLlm lfiQI I7 thefloat or-viee f' versa.f

'In Figs- 1 l- 'denote's a har'nber ofreetaik verti'cal eross sectiom 'partly Q fill'ed; heliquid-to be eontrolledQ llhis l quid into-the ehamher f rol'n abovegbymea 1 pipe 3 and a pipe 4:1; oonduets thell iqu d a away-1**The'entrance},opening'iof pipe is 5 toritrolledbymeans offvalv e 5 in such a- Way, that the level of jthe liquid in the 'ehamb'ergl remains constantly a1 heigl' V b Connected toga float 8 'byf rne'ans' iof a lever iwfoted on a'- '15in:6. g; fihe {shell-gjOf'thefi' at. 's Very=thin and: the float is" fi lledjto the :sniallrjbirt-With a liquid 9 eontain'ing gas-other than 'a' absorbed in itand fto i-the greateriiiart 1 with isirigTfr-om' the liquid The liquid to be controlled If this Vapour WOiild ha' efja much greater; pressur i' tha n that whiehf exists inside {the f'floatl8 the danger be bulged-inlay the additional pressure.

Chosen .to fillthetfioiat"8 With, the" pressure of which; henfthe float is'enolosedandlatii;

a t'emperature fQU eentigrade, is above a1;- 1, l5 nros pheric. V. i f ,tl j In F g. 2 the saturation lines of two dif fer ent mediums us'edwith refrigerating'ina- I J chines are'shown; The .ab'seissa of thediagram is the temperature t? and the ordi-I urve jgfthe' saturation line oi sulphurous V ajeidSQfithe upperfcurvelthatiof ammonia j;'

1 111'. the first instance shallT-beij.

chosen asthe medium" to be 'eontrolled'and 1 S0 as theniedium to fill the?'tfloat lfwithy lin this ease :the @absolute' pressure inside the 1m float on being filled is'. 3,3 atmosphere'sflat la I temperature of QOQLeentig-rade, 'As'sum'ing'fi th a t during the working period the term.

erature of the ammonia to, be roontrolled. andthat inside the float sinks down to a, stationary*temperature lO? Centigrade, the sliell of the float has to'stand- -an external. pressure of; approximately 2,8 at n. (point Q) in Fig. 2) and an internal pressure of ap' proximately 1,0 atni. (point D inlTig, 2),

thereforeia surplus external pressure of 2,8.1,0;1;8latni. The. shellof "the float must beoi such athickness that it will stand I this surplus pressure with areasonable f. factor of safety. Iflonthe other hand, the o float is filled With NH instead of S that is'to,.say With 'thesame medium as is contained,in--the-* chaniber v2 and it such an amount of'liquid' NH is filled insidethe float from the. beginning, that the liquid i V does not) evaporate totally under Working 20' NH jyapour'present inside the. float, the

conditions, so. that there is always saturated pressure on both sides of the alls of the float .Will. he fthe .safine, andthe shell is i r insidethepfioatthef pressure will rise accord- 7 iiigitothe. saturation line with a risiiig te nperature, :The consequence oi a further rise offtenijperature. is the evaporation of all the relieved from a one-sided pressure.

As long asa liqu dinediurn 1S present liquid and theformation, off superheated j valpourl inside-the. float Whilst there is still astateof {saturation outside the float, there- '-"fere the outside pressure will rise more than the inside pressure butthe' pressure dif-j M ferenee will; not be considerable and not dangerous fortheshell of the fljoat, as the.

"latter cannot-be taken; too. thin for manustationary temperature Of-lOQ centie grade the pressure in the chamber 1,0 atm.

i (point'll Fig. 2) andthepressure inside shell of the float is exposed to -an internal surplus pressure ofl,8r atin. In this third case an internal surplus pressure is still maintained. if the orkingor stationary temperature Varies between+ and 15. It is a ell known faot that hollow bodies Will stand an internal pressure better than an external, therefore thethird case gives a large factorv of safety. With regard to the strength of the. shell oi the float even if its thickness and the whole; Weight of e the float e, s-iti's desired,1veryisma1l.

lfi leimz, h l ow'. clos floa f r ce t ollingz the t ifxf zeezing liqu d an a liqu d her i stliat' w ll volat e at temp rat es ueri-thantlie vel ti iz ng tempe ah '0 the freezing liquid. to be c nt lled; w eby the ressure ithin; the float will; be greater han that. utside th floa nde all on iensofnperati n- 2-..Aholl6w closedfi t of a. device for ontrol ing .q d,. e 1i pe lly refrigerating machines, comprising a th n helli-lik ,enel sed ody nd a iq i m d m ithin said enclosed body the pressure ofthe vapor at which aries at varying tempera tui es th e same 561 56 as; the pressure of. t e diuia to b ,coiit l ian i at a reat ng. t mp rat res, gr n. e.

' P es u e offthe. med m to'be Controlled.-

qi lii f free ing mediums, comprising a closed body made of athin shell and in said bedy a inedium which consists of a liquid the liquid and producing a pressure above the gas pressure surrounding the float at all; operative temperatures of the liquid. to el ontrelle I have signedniy name.

EDUARD RUEGGER.

as I my inventio theflo.at2=,8 atIn. (point C in'Fig. '2). Thecontaiyl ingi. gas other airabsorbed in' In testimony that I claim: foregoing A hollofw closed float for controlling 

